Estimativas de saldos migratórios e taxas líquidas de migração das grandes regiões e unidades da federação do Brasil
Por sexo, grupo etário e residência urbana/rural, 1960-1970 e 1970-1980
Estimativas de saldos migratórios e taxas líquidas de migração das grandes regiões e unidades da federação do Brasil, por sexo, grupo etário e residência urbana/rural, 1960-1970 e 1970-1980.
mi·gra·tion
AmE /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/ · BrE /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/
noun
The movement of people from one place to another — reshaping the demographic, economic, and social landscape of both origin and destination.
About
This page accompanies the paper:
Fernandes, Fernando, and José Alberto Magno de Carvalho. 2024. “Estimativas de saldos migratórios e taxas líquidas de migração das grandes regiões e unidades da federação do Brasil, por sexo, grupo etário e residência urbana/rural, 1960-1970 e 1970-1980” [Estimates of net migration balances and net migration rates of the major regions and states of Brazil, by sex, age group, and urban/rural residence, 1960-1970 and 1970-1980]. Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 41: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.20947/S0102-3098a0287.
Between 1960 and 1980, rural areas recorded a net migration loss of 26.1 million people and urban areas a net gain of 24.0 million. The Northeast lost 4.5 million people through net migration; São Paulo gained 4.4 million. Paraná went from a net gain of 792,000 in 1960–1970 to a net loss of 1.2 million in 1970–1980. The dataset provides net migration balances and net migration rates for the 25 federative units of the time (states, federal territories and the Federal District) and for Brazil, by sex, five-year age group and urban/rural residence, for the decades 1960–1970 and 1970–1980: 6,552 rows estimated from the 1960, 1970 and 1980 censuses.
Figures
Net Migration by Age Groups
Data
The dataset is available as fernandes_carvalho_data.csv.
Variables
| Variable | CSV column | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Decade | decada |
Intercensal decade of the estimate. Unit: Label: 1960-1970 or 1970-1980. Reference: Intercensal period between the censuses of 1 September 1960, 1970 and 1980. |
| Region name | nome_regiao |
Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul or Centro-Oeste; Brasil on the national rows. Unit: Label. Reference: Major regions (grandes regiões) as used by IBGE in the 1970 census. |
| State code | estado |
State or federal territory (25 units). RJ includes the former state of Guanabara, merged into Rio de Janeiro in 1975. MT includes Mato Grosso do Sul in 1980, which was created in 1977 and enumerated separately in the 1980 census; there are no MS rows. GO is Goiás before the creation of Tocantins (1988); there are no TO rows. Brasil is the sum of the 25 state rows, not a separate estimate. Unit: Label: two-letter state code, or Brasil. Reference: State boundaries harmonised to 1970 for all three censuses. |
| State name | nome_estado |
Name of the state or federal territory; Brasil on the national rows. Unit: Label. Reference: As for estado. |
| Residence area | urbano_rural |
Urbano, Rural or Total. For the population columns Urbano + Rural = Total; for net migration, Urbano + Rural does not equal Total. Unit: Label: Urbano, Rural or Total. Reference: Census classification of the household (situação do domicílio) at each census. |
| Age group | grupo_etario |
Age at the end of the decade. Groups 0-4 and 5-9 are the cohorts born during the decade, estimated from child-woman ratios; groups from 10-14 onwards are cohorts alive at the start of the decade, estimated by intercensal survival ratios. Total is the sum of the 13 age groups. Unit: Label: five-year groups 0-4 to 55-59, 60+, and Total. Reference: Age at the end of the decade (1970 or 1980). |
| Sex | sexid |
Men (Homens), women (Mulheres) or both sexes (Total = Homens + Mulheres). Unit: Label: Homens, Mulheres or Total. Reference: Sex as recorded in the census. |
| Net migration balance | saldo_migratorio |
Estimated net migration (in-migrants minus out-migrants) of the cohort. At ages 0-4 and 5-9 it is the direct effect only: children who themselves migrated. The Total age group is the sum of the 13 groups of this column, so it does not include the indirect effect. Unit: Persons (estimated, not rounded). Reference: Net migration over the decade of the cohort aged grupo_etario at its end. |
| Indirect net migration balance | saldo_migratorio_indireto |
Indirect effect of migration: children born during the decade to women who migrated, added to (not part of) saldo_migratorio. It is set by a fixed rule: three times saldo_migratorio at ages 0-4, one third of it at ages 5-9, and zero from 10-14 onwards. It is not estimated separately for each unit. Total is the sum over age groups. Unit: Persons (estimated, not rounded). Reference: As for saldo_migratorio; ages 0-4 and 5-9 at the end of the decade only. |
| Population at decade start | populacao_t |
Census population of the same age group at the start of the decade. It is not the base of the cohort: people aged 10-14 at the end of the decade were aged 0-4 at its start, and ages 0-4 and 5-9 at the end were not yet born. State boundaries as for estado. Unit: Persons (census count). Reference: Census at the start of the decade (1960 or 1970), same age group as the row. |
| Population at decade end | populacao_t_10 |
Census population of the age group at the end of the decade. It is the denominator of both rates. State boundaries as for estado. Unit: Persons (census count). Reference: Census at the end of the decade (1970 or 1980), same age group as the row. |
| Net migration rate | taxa_liquida_migracao |
Net migration balance divided by the end-of-decade population of the same group. It is not annualised and not relative to the start population, so a group that lost more people than it kept falls below -1. Unit: Proportion (not per 1,000): saldo_migratorio / populacao_t_10. Reference: Decade total, relative to the population at the end of the decade. |
| Indirect net migration rate | taxa_liquida_migracao_ind |
Indirect net migration balance divided by the end-of-decade population of the same group; zero from 10-14 onwards. Unit: Proportion (not per 1,000): saldo_migratorio_indireto / populacao_t_10. Reference: As for taxa_liquida_migracao. |
Sources
Carvalho, José Alberto Magno de. 1978. Fecundidade e mortalidade no Brasil, 1960-1970. Cedeplar, UFMG.
Carvalho, José Alberto Magno de, and Sílvia de Menezes Gama Pinheiro. 1986. Fecundidade e mortalidade no Brasil, 1970-1980. Cedeplar, UFMG.
IBGE. 1962–1966. VII Recenseamento geral do Brasil - 1960: censo demográfico (resultados finais). Série nacional e regional. IBGE, Serviço Nacional de Recenseamento.
IBGE. 1973. Censo demográfico 1970: resultados finais (Brasil e unidades da federação). Série nacional e regional. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.
IBGE. 1982. Censo demográfico 1980: resultados finais (Brasil e unidades da federação). Série nacional e regional. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.
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